History - Chapter 7

Second Continental Congress [10 May 1775]159
John Adams
president of congress
members
John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, Thomas Jefferson
Olive Branch Petition
John Dickinson1775
independence
divided, wanted reconciliation159f
army
Congress authorized and paid for Continental Army159c
King George III160
Parliament
efficient way to manage colonies
denied
Olive Branch Petition
Declaration of Independence [4 July 1776]
author
Thomas Jefferson159g
blamed
King George III (not monarchy)
government
by consent of people
overthrow
unjust rulers
American Army162
training
undisciplined
numbers
16,000 "regulars"
Women of the army
nursed, cooked, buried, scavenged
strategy
training, defensive, cover
British Army162
training
disciplined
British
50,000
HessianGerman
30,000
Howe Brothers165
weakness
defensive, minimize losses, reconciliation
lost Loyalists
British ate, Hessians raped & looted
Lord Dunmore
slaves
military service = freedom
shelled
Norfolk, VA
Americans [4 July 1776]
homespun
coarse cloth (164, 167)
Loyalists
1/5 american's "tories"160
Benjamin Franklin
goes to France to get help
France campaign
alliance & aid, but Catholic -v- Protestant
New York
Kips Bay
rebels fled & Washington wrath
Washington escaped
to Westchester County
British held New York
embittered locals
New Jersey
Washington escaped
to Pennsylvania
Hessians wintered
in New Jersey
Trenton surrendered
1,000 Hessians
Princeton
defeated by Washington [3 Jan 1777]
Philadelphia166
Howe -v- Washington
Brandywine & Germantown
occupied
British1777
unrest
British ruined economy
food
PA fed paying Brits, not Americans168
Baron von Steuben
organized & trained Washington's army169
Sir Henry Clinton
replaced Howe, withdrew
occupied
by Washington
mutiny
no food, 2 winters1781
Saratoga Campaign167
commander
Gen Sir Guy Carleton
strategy
Canada, south
commander
John Burgoyne "Gentleman Johnny"
force
9,500
surrendered
to Washington [17 Oct 1776]
Carolinas171
Sir Henry Clinton
backcountry Loyalists, push up1778
Savannah, GA
conquered w/3,500 troops
Charleston, NC
conquered [12 May 1780]
Lord Charles Cornwallis
campaign from SC to Virginia
backcountry
civil war, chaos
Francis Marion
"Swamp Fox"
Thomas Sumter
"the Gamecock", mountain men
Horatio Gates
lost Camden, SC1780
Nathaniel Greene
replaced Gates
Daniel Morgan
600 men goose chase
Sideshow
George Rogers Clark
Kaskaskia & Vincennes169
Joseph Brant
bilingual, Mohawks for British
smallpox
from Quebec, inoculations weakened soldiers1779170
Daughters of Liberty
supported war171a
Thomas Jeremiah
black, hanged & burned to prevent issues173
Additional Notes
    Treaty of Paris175