Government 2305 Test 1
Papers to Memorize
- Declaration of Independence
- Articles of Confederation
- Constitution
- Federalist 10
- Federalist 51
Social Contract
Agreement between the rulled and the ruler(s)
British colonial rule
British ruled with a few local leaders. Most remote
Political culture
The attitudes and beliefs of individuals toward the government
Republic
Government rules at the consent of the governed
Equality of opportunity
- Equal
- Opposite of nepotism
- Substantive
- Slight favoritism to underqualified
- Fair
- Strip power from the powerful
Alexis de Tocqueville
Democracy in America. political science
Capitalism
Industry controlled by private sector
Political equality
The principle that all citizens are the same in the eyes of the law
Elitism
Select group of people have greater influence than others. Power concentrated in hands of limited
Classic liberalism
Freedom of people by limiting government
Economic stratification
Social classes stratified on economic lines
Principles of democracy
Government operates at concent of people
- Thomas Hobbes
- Social contract. Leviathan
- John Locke
- Liberalism. Natural Law
Natural Law
Life, liberty, persuit of happiness
Majority rule
50% + 1
Minority rights
Cannot be abridged by majority
Political legitimacy
Popular acceptance of an authority
Constitutional Convention
Convention in states for constitutional review
Constitution Day
17 Sep 1787
Direct democracy
People vote for policy initiatives
Indirect democracy
People vote for representatives
Checks and balances
Government divisions check each other
Separation of powers
Legislative, judicial, executive
Federalism
Separation of federal and state
Enumerated powers
Constitution A1 S8
Implied powers
Necessary and proper
Concurrent powers
Shared between federal and state
Great compromise
Senate 2ea. House proportional
3/5 compromise
Slave population 3/5 state
Supremacy clause
A6 C2. supreme law of the land
Constitutional amendment procedure
Proposal 2/3. Ratification 3/4
Federal grant-making power
- Categorical
- Narrow category
- Block
- General purpose
- Earmarks
- Non-competitive. Lobbyists
New Federalism and Reagan
Roosevelt power to federal. Reagan power to states w\block grants
Gonzales v Raich
6 - 3 A
- Home grown pot. medicinal
- Commerce
- Necessary and proper
Marbury v Madison
4 - 0 B
- Congress cannot pass laws contrary to contitution. Role of judicial interpret what constitution permits
- Article 1
- Article 3
Stare decisis
Stand by what is decided
Judicial activism
Changing law
Judicial restraint
Going with prior law
McCulloch v Maryland
7 - 0 A
- Congress bank in Maryland. Can a state tax Congress.
- Necessary and proper
Dred Scott v Sanford
7 - 2 B
- Dred Scott visited a free state. Argued he should be free property
- Due process
Plessy v Ferguson
7 - 1 B
- Octoroon. Separate but equal
- Amendment 14
Brown v Board of Education
9 - 0 A
- Segregation. Minority
- Equal protection
- Amendment 14
Murray v Maryland (Perason)
9 - 0 A
- Wanted to go to school. No black schools available
Sweatt v Painter
9 - 0 A
- Law school. Not enough room. Not local
McClurin v Oklahoma
9 - 0 A
- Allowed by state. Federal expanded. End of seperate but equal
Bolling v Sharpe
9 - 0 A
- Racial segregation. District of Columbia
- Due process
California v Bakke
5 - 4 B
- Slots reserved for minorities
Community Schools v Seattle School District
- Can't use race as sole factor for balance
- Equal protection
Nixon v United States
9 - 0 B
- Can Senate impeach Nixon
- Due process
Bush v Gore
5 - 4 A
- Recounts violate equal protection
- Equal protection
- Later arbitrary and disparate treatment